Xalatan (latanoprost ophthalmic solution) 0.005% is a prostaglandin analog prescription medication specifically formulated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. As a first-line therapeutic option, it works by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor, primarily through the uveoscleral pathway. Its once-daily dosing regimen offers both efficacy and convenience, supporting long-term adherence in chronic management. Clinical evidence supports its role in slowing disease progression and preserving visual field integrity.

Features

• Active ingredient: latanoprost 50 mcg/mL (0.005%)
• Formulation: sterile, isotonic, buffered ophthalmic solution
• Preservative: benzalkonium chloride 0.02%
• pH: approximately 6.7
• Packaging: 2.5 mL translucent low-density polyethylene bottle with controlled dropper tip

Benefits

• Demonstrates significant IOP reduction, typically ranging from 25–35% from baseline
• Provides consistent 24-hour pressure control with once-daily evening administration
• Exhibits no systemic beta-blockade effects, making it suitable for patients with cardiovascular or pulmonary comorbidities
• Shows minimal systemic absorption and favorable long-term safety profile
• May enhance conjunctival health compared to preserved beta-blockers when considering future surgical interventions
• Delays visual field deterioration by maintaining target pressure ranges

Common use

Xalatan is indicated for the management of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It is frequently prescribed as monotherapy or in combination with other IOP-lowering agents when additional pressure reduction is required. It is particularly valuable in cases where beta-blockers are contraindicated or insufficient. The medication is suitable for long-term use and is often initiated as first-line treatment according to major glaucoma treatment guidelines.

Dosage and direction

The recommended dosage is one drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening. Administration in the evening may produce better IOP reduction compared to morning dosing. If using other topical ophthalmic products, administer them at least 5 minutes apart. Contact lenses should be removed before application and may be reinserted 15 minutes post-instillation. Strict aseptic technique should be maintained to avoid contamination.

Precautions

Patients should be advised that Xalatan may gradually increase brown pigmentation of the iris, which may be permanent. Eyelid skin darkening may also occur. Increased eyelash growth, thickness, and pigmentation have been reported, typically reversible upon discontinuation. Use with caution in patients with active intraocular inflammation, aphakic patients, pseudophakic patients with torn posterior lens capsule, or patients at risk for macular edema. Bacterial keratitis can occur from contaminated solutions.

Contraindications

Xalatan is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to latanoprost, benzalkonium chloride, or any other component of the formulation. It should not be used in cases of active herpes simplex keratitis or varicella-zoster virus keratitis. The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Possible side effects

Most common ocular adverse reactions (5–15%) include blurred vision, burning and stinging, conjunctival hyperemia, foreign body sensation, itching, increased iris pigmentation, and punctate epithelial keratopathy. Less common reactions (1–4%) include eye pain, lid edema, conjunctival edema, and dry eye. Rare reports include iritis, macular edema, and eyelash darkening. Systemic side effects are uncommon but may include upper respiratory tract infection, chest pain, and skin rash.

Drug interaction

Formal drug interaction studies have not been conducted with Xalatan. However, the precipitation of medications may occur when eye drops containing thimerosal are administered simultaneously. In vitro studies show that precipitation occurs when eye drops containing thimerosal are mixed with Xalatan. If such drugs are used, they should be administered at least 5 minutes apart. Additive IOP-lowering effects are observed when used concomitantly with timolol, dorzolamide, or other glaucoma medications.

Missed dose

If a dose is missed, patients should administer it as soon as possible on the same day. However, if it is nearly time for the next scheduled dose, the missed dose should be skipped, and the regular dosing schedule resumed. Doubling the dose is not recommended. Patients should maintain the once-daily regimen and not increase frequency to compensate for missed doses.

Overdose

No cases of overdose have been reported. Topical overdose is unlikely to produce serious effects due to limited systemic absorption. If accidentally ingested, symptomatic treatment is recommended. Ocular overdose may be flushed with warm water. In case of substantial accidental ingestion, medical attention should be sought, though systemic effects are unlikely due to rapid metabolism.

Storage

Store unopened bottle under refrigeration at 2°–8°C (36°–46°F). Once opened, the bottle may be stored at room temperature up to 25°C (77°F) for 6 weeks. Protect from light. Do not freeze. Keep the container tightly closed when not in use. Discard any unused solution after the completion of therapy or after 6 weeks, whichever comes first.

Disclaimer

This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Xalatan is a prescription medication that should be used only under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. Patients should consult their ophthalmologist for proper diagnosis, treatment recommendations, and monitoring. Individual results may vary based on specific clinical circumstances.

Reviews

Clinical studies demonstrate that Xalatan produces mean IOP reduction of 6–8 mmHg, with approximately 80% of patients achieving at least 30% reduction from baseline. Long-term extension studies show maintained efficacy over 24 months of treatment. Patient satisfaction surveys indicate high adherence rates due to once-daily dosing. Ophthalmologists report reliable performance as either monotherapy or part of combination regimens, with particular appreciation for its lack of systemic side effects and favorable safety profile in chronic management.