Aricept (donepezil hydrochloride) is a prescription medication specifically formulated for the treatment of dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease. As a centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, it works by increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain, which may help improve memory, awareness, and the ability to function. Clinical evidence supports its use in mild, moderate, and severe Alzheimer’s cases, making it a cornerstone in neurological therapeutic regimens. Proper diagnosis and ongoing medical supervision are essential for optimal outcomes.

Features

• Active ingredient: Donepezil hydrochloride
• Available in 5 mg and 10 mg oral tablets
• Also offered as a 23 mg sustained-release tablet for advanced cases
• Orally disintegrating tablet formulation available for ease of administration
• FDA-approved for all stages of Alzheimer’s disease
• Once-daily dosing regimen for patient convenience

Benefits

• May slow the progression of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s patients
• Can improve memory recall and attention in some individuals
• Supports enhanced ability to perform daily activities and maintain independence
• May positively impact behavioral symptoms such as apathy and agitation
• Demonstrated efficacy in long-term management of dementia symptoms
• Contributes to reduced caregiver burden through functional improvements

Common use

Aricept is primarily indicated for the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. It is used across the disease spectrum—from mild to severe stages—to address cognitive impairment, including memory loss, confusion, and problems with reasoning. Healthcare providers may prescribe it as monotherapy or in combination with other Alzheimer’s treatments, depending on disease progression and patient response. Regular cognitive assessments help gauge therapeutic effectiveness.

Dosage and direction

The recommended starting dose for Aricept is 5 mg taken orally once daily, preferably at bedtime. After 4–6 weeks, if well tolerated, the dose may be increased to 10 mg once daily. For patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease who have been on 10 mg daily for at least 3 months, a 23 mg sustained-release tablet may be considered. Tablets should be swallowed whole with water; the orally disintegrating form may be placed on the tongue. Dosage adjustments are based on tolerability and clinical response.

Precautions

Patients with a history of asthma, COPD, or other respiratory conditions should use Aricept with caution due to potential cholinergic effects. Those with cardiac conduction abnormalities, including sick sinus syndrome, may require ECG monitoring. Aricept may cause bladder outflow obstruction or seizures in susceptible individuals. Use cautiously in patients with peptic ulcer disease or those taking NSAIDs. Monitor for gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Contraindications

Aricept is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to donepezil hydrochloride, piperidine derivatives, or any component of the formulation. It should not be used in individuals with severe liver impairment. Concomitant use with other cholinergic agents is not recommended. Avoid in patients with a history of serious ventricular arrhythmias or prolonged QTc interval.

Possible side effects

Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, vomiting, muscle cramps, fatigue, and anorexia. These often diminish with continued use. Less frequently, patients may experience syncope, dizziness, headache, or vivid dreams. Bradycardia and seizures have been reported in some cases. Rare but serious side effects include gastrointestinal bleeding, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Patients should report any unusual or severe symptoms promptly.

Drug interaction

Aricept may interact with anticholinergic agents, reducing its efficacy. Concomitant use with cholinergic agonists (e.g., bethanechol) may increase cholinergic effects. CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, quinidine) may increase donepezil concentrations. Use with beta-blockers or digoxin may increase the risk of bradycardia. NSAIDs may elevate the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Always inform the prescriber of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

Missed dose

If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered unless it is nearly time for the next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. Consistent daily administration is important for maintaining stable drug levels.

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose may include severe nausea, vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, convulsions, and muscle weakness. In severe cases, progressive paralysis may occur. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic; atropine may be administered intravenously as an antidote. Titrate atropine dose to effect. Seek immediate medical attention if overdose is suspected.

Storage

Store Aricept at room temperature (20–25°C or 68–77°F), in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed. Do not store in bathrooms or near sinks. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Discard any unused or expired medication properly according to local guidelines.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting or changing any medication regimen. Individual responses to Aricept may vary. Not all uses, precautions, or interactions are listed here. Only a licensed physician can determine if this medication is appropriate for a specific patient.

Reviews

Clinical studies and patient reports generally indicate that Aricept can provide modest cognitive and functional benefits in Alzheimer’s disease, particularly in the early to moderate stages. Some patients and caregivers note improved engagement in daily activities and slowed symptom progression. However, responses are variable, and side effects may limit tolerability for some individuals. Long-term use requires regular evaluation by a neurologist or geriatric specialist. Adherence to prescribed dosing and follow-up appointments is critical for assessing continued benefit.